Long Beach has funky rules regarding reelection. Then again Long Beach is a funky town (in the best possible way). While there are no absolute term limits, councilmembers and mayors who want to seek more than two terms must face an extra hurdle: They must run as a write-in candidate in the primary election. If they qualify for a runoff election, their name would then appear on the ballot like normal. Instead of that, this measure would put a hard limit of three terms on councilmembers and the mayor and do away with the write-in business.
A write-in candidate does not have their name listed on the ballot but instead received votes from individuals who physically write the candidate’s name on the ballot. For example, Councilmember Dee Andrews (CD-6)1 is currently serving his third term after winning as a write-in candidate in 2016. There have been two other previous elected officials who have won third terms in Long Beach this way2.
Technically, yes. However, since the write-in rule was adopted, no one has ever served more than three terms. That’s because you gotta be pretty popular with the voting public to run successfully as a write-in.
Supporters of Measure BBB say write-ins will simplify a confusing voting system, making it easier for non-English speakers to participate in Long Beach elections. While there is plenty of evidence on a national level that shows voting is less accessible to poor people and minorities, no data, local or otherwise, has been put forth to support the claim that having a write-in option depresses turnout from marginalized populations. Still, it should be noted that Long Beach does have a voter turnout problem: Only about 13 percent of registered voters cast a ballot in the last mayoral election (so vote!).
Currently, the state, the City of Los Angeles, the City of San Diego, and the City of San Francisco, among others, allow voters to write in candidates during primary elections.
The write-in option was voted into place in Long Beach in 1992 by a margin of 67 percent, and opponents of Measure BBB say those results ought to be respected. Opponents also say that Measure BBB will directly benefit the very incumbents who put it on the ballot this year. How? Well, removing the write-in hurdle would make it easier for them to run for a third term, which opponents say is a clear conflict of interest.
And hold on to your butts, because it gets even dicier. At least one legal analysis of the measure, commissioned by opposition group Long Beach Reform Coalition, indicated that it could reset incumbents’ terms, essentially allowing them to serve 20 more years. The city attorney’s office disagreed with that take.
In short, most likely. The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 in Burdick v. Takushi (1992) that the U.S. Constitution does not require jurisdictions to allow for write-in candidacies.
In 2002, the California Supreme Court reached a similar conclusion.
Well, because it kinda is. In 2007, Long Beach voters rejected a similar effort to cap terms at three. The vote was decisive with 68.6 percent voting against it. However, it’s worth noting that it was rejected in a special municipal election where only 12.5 percent of registered voters participating.
Mayor Robert Garcia; former Mayor Bob Foster; the Long Beach Police Officers and Long Beach Fireman Associations; Councilmembers Lena Gonzalez (CD-1), Jeannine Pearce (CD-2), Dee Andrews (CD-6), Roberto Uranga (CD-7), Al Austin (CD-8), and Rex Richardson (CD-9). Equity for Cambodians, Long Beach Community Action Partnership, and former Councilmember Steve Neal.
The Long Beach Reform Coalition (LBRC); Councilmembers Suzie Price (CD-3), Daryl Supernaw (CD-4), and Stacey Mungo (CD-5); former Councilmembers Gerrie Schipske and Rae Gabelich; The Progressive Democratic Club; The Long Beach Area Chamber of Commerce; The Long Beach Area Republicans.
Yes on Measure BBB
The Grunion: Vote Yes on Charter Changes
No on Measure BBB
Long Beach Reform Coalition: The History of Long Beach Term Limits
Undecided on Measure BBB
FORTHE Media: Problems with Both Sides of the BBB Debate
Impartial Analysis & Sample Ballot Arguments
City Clerk: Three Term Limits
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[1] Militarily demobilized. Since WWII—which was both the death knell of European colonial empires as well as the starting shot of the American neocolonial era—Europe has had notoriously scant standing armies, and has been able to consistently slash government military spending domestically and as a percentage of their contributions to international diplomatic bodies such as the UN. This is because nowadays European nations very rarely find themselves in situations where they need to independently send their militaries abroad in order to secure trade routes, foreign resources, or privileges within markets overseas; the U.S. has been fulfilling that hard-power obligation for them for over half a century. The social results of Western Europe’s decreased militarization are striking, especially when contrasted with the U.S.: there is not a single country in Western Europe without universal healthcare, labor rights and welfare systems are strong, value is placed on corporate and financial regulation, environmental policy is lightyears ahead, and, not least of all, there is a robust governmental approach to curbing digital surveillance and reining in tech monopolies. Japan enjoys a similar arrangement with the U.S. in which it, too, is militarily demobilized yet is given full access to, and prominence in, the global economy. In the last decade there has been a reversing trend of remilitarization in some of these nations. That trend was hastened during the last four years as a result of Trump’s ultranationalist politics, but is likely to continue even after his departure in large part due to the growing bipolar geopolitical climate of competition between superpowers.
The “owner” bit of home-“owner” appears in scare quotes throughout the text for reasons that will shortly become apparent.
Nothing signals trouble quite like consensus.
More on them later.
And, anyways, what exactly remains “obvious” in an era “post-truth”?
I take as my starting position that even the “obvious” must be won.
It’s like Lenin said, you know…
Whether directly, or through a chain of investments, or through the wider speculative market in real estate.
I use “banks” in this piece as a stand-in for several sources of income that derive partly through the mortgaging of property and/or investment in institutions that have the power to mortgage property.
That is just its “ideology.”
The Ricardian “law of rent” explains that any location with an advantage over another location, can accrue an economic value, called “rent,” to the owner.
This happens without the owner needing to pitch in to create the advantage.
If the owner does pitch in, then the value accrued from that advantage cannot be called “rent.”
“Rent,” in economic terms, is only, precisely, the value accrued from that portion of the advantage for which the owner is not responsible. That is what we mean when we say, “Rent is theft.”
This does not mean places with lower property taxes ipso facto have higher property prices—and that is because the property tax is only one of the contributing factors. You could have zero taxes on land in Antarctica, for instance, and it would still sell for $0. This is why the introduction to the analogy controls for such variables.
This is the logical conclusion of believing two premises:
(1) All humans have an equal right to the Earth.
(2) Vaginal birth is a lottery system
Prop 13 is rent control for home-“owners.” You can learn more about its history and impact here.
“Hamlet” by William Shakespeare. Act 4, Scene 5
This is why the lobbyists who spend the most money to support the mortgage interest deduction are bankers, mortgagers, and realtors.
Definition